Aug 27, · In the experiment, DNA was successfully extracted from a strawberry, demonstrating the process a real life scientists would possibly extract DNA from cells. The lab was intact successful for the group and I were able to extract a visible amount of DNA from the blogger.comted Reading Time: 3 mins DNA extraction and to avoid violent shaking or mixing that would shear the DNA. The process of isolating DNA requires that it be released from a cell whether it is a plant (which has extra protection with a cell wall), animal, fungi, or bacterium dna extraction how to write experiment report DNA Extraction Lab. Introduce your students to DNA using simple produces that are engaging and economical. Teacher preparation for experiment. Report which member was or is responsible for which portion or aspect of the. 2/18, RFLP gel blogger.comerry DNA – Food Science/10()
Dna Extraction How To Write Experiment Report
The objectives of this experiment are to extract DNA from a fruit sample, test the moisture of a soil sample, and perform blood typing and gel electrophoresis. The DNA will be extracted using the basic biochemical techniques for isolating, purifying, and digesting DNA molecules. The moisture test will be completed using an Arduino moisture sensor. A blood typing kit will be used for the blood tests. While these tests are performed, the gel electrophoresis will be run simultaneously. DNA is the blueprint of life and is found in almost all living organisms.
These organisms can be as simple as a single-celled bacteria or as complex as a multi-celled human: the human body contains approximately 50 trillion cells, dna extraction how to write experiment report.
There are two different types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. An example of prokaryotic organism is bacteria. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nuclear membrane and so do not have a distinct nucleus. Only eukaryotic cells, which make up plants and animals, will be considered in this lab. Eukaryotic cells have a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus that isolates the DNA from the rest of the cell. The structure of plant cells is different from those of animal cells in structure and cellular contents.
Only plant cells will be used in this experiment. Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall. It has high mechanical strength and protects the cell. Directly beneath the cell wall lies the plasma membrane Figure 1which contains the cytosol.
The various cell organelles, including the nucleus, are found within the cytosol. The nucleus houses the DNA in the form of chromatin. Chromatin is the active form of DNA in the cell when it is not preparing for cell division. It is comprised of DNA wrapped around protein particles called histones. In this experiment, a goal is to extract the DNA from a fruit sample.
Some knowledge of the scientific background behind DNA extraction is needed to do this. The DNA extraction process is a fairly simple biochemical dna extraction how to write experiment report that can be divided into three major steps: breaking open the cell lysisdestroying membranes within the cell, and precipitating the DNA out of the solution. The following sections describe how each step relates to the physical and biochemical properties of DNA. Plant cells have a very rigid external structure — the cell wall — which protects it.
To get to the DNA, the very first step would be to break open that wall. The cell wall is the first barrier in that must be broken to extract the DNA molecule inside the cell. It is very rigid and acts as a protector and filter, dna extraction how to write experiment report.
It is made of cellulose, and is responsible for making wood hard and durable. To destroy the cell wall, a mechanical method is used to break apart the cellulose molecules. In this experiment, the fruit sample is mashed manually. The cell's plasma membrane is made of phospholipid bilayers; they are made of fat. To disrupt them, that mesh of fat molecules is broken up with soap. The structure of soap is very similar to that of fat and grease.
A soap molecule has two parts: a head and a tail. The head is polar and is dna extraction how to write experiment report to water while the tail is non-polar and is attracted to oil and fat. When soap molecules are in water, they group themselves into micelles — a roughly spherical structure in which all the polar heads point outwards in contact with water and all the non-polar tails point inwards at the center of the sphere away from the water.
They can effectively trap the fat molecule inside the micelle and dissolve the cell membranes. How does this micelle break down the phospholipid bilayer? The molecules in the phospholipid bilayer Figure 5 also contain molecules that are made up of a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail. The soap molecules orient themselves so that their head associates with the tail of the phospholipid bilayer.
In this way, the soap is able to break up the bilayer molecule by molecule. When the membrane is successfully disrupted, the DNA is released from the cells into the solution along with protein molecules and other cellular miscellanea. The DNA molecule is a double-helical polymer consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases running perpendicular to the backbone.
These bases, often represented by letters — A adenineG guanineC cytosineand T thymine — are the elementary components making up the coded genetic information Figure 7. The base sequence acts as the instruction manual of the cell, directing it on how to make proteins and other important molecules that an organism needs to survive and function.
With the cell's contents mixed into a solution, the DNA is separated from the rest; this process is called precipitation. Salt is used because it disrupts the structure of the proteins and carbohydrates found in the solution.
Also, the salt provides a favorable environment to extract the DNA by contributing positively charged sodium ions that neutralize the negative charge of DNA. After the addition of salt and soap, the manner by which the DNA is being extracted out of the solution cannot be seen as it is too small to distinguish from the rest of the solution. To aid in precipitating the DNA, alcohol is added since it cannot dissolve DNA. A translucent white substance will begin to form at the top; this is DNA.
Once it dna extraction how to write experiment report thick enough, it can be spooled out. This simple procedure is a rough extraction process that needs further dna extraction how to write experiment report before it can be successfully run on a gel for analysis.
Often times, larger fragments of DNA are cut, or restricted, to extract a particular fragment. This is made possible by the action of restriction enzymes, which are used by bacteria to cut up foreign or enemy DNA. Restriction enzymes are catalytic proteins that recognize specific palindromic DNA sequences and cut the double-stranded DNA at particular sites.
The sites that the restriction enzymes recognize are called restriction sites. There are many different types of restriction enzymes. Each type recognizes a different restriction site. In this lab, Lambda DNA, which is a commercially available DNA normally found in a virus called Phage Lambda, will be restricted with the restriction enzyme BamH1. The technique of DNA electrophoresis Figure 10dna extraction how to write experiment report, will be performed on uncut and cut Lambda DNA, a commercially available DNA on an agarose gel, to visualize the characteristic banding patterns that differentiate between different DNA fragments.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for separating molecules based on their charge and molecular weight. The sample is loaded in a gel matrix and an electric field is applied across it.
The electric field enables the DNA, which is negatively charged to migrate to the end, which is positively charged. Opposites attract and so the negatively charged DNA is attracted to the positive end of the gel. Lighter molecules will migrate to the opposite end of the gel faster than heavier molecules. The following is a gel after the samples have been run. Each column is referred to as a lane, representing one sample each.
The individual bands Figure 11 contain fragments of DNA that are identical in weight. NOTE: Some biological experiments require a lot of wait time, dna extraction how to write experiment report. To maximize time, dna extraction how to write experiment report, many experiments of this nature are usually dna extraction how to write experiment report simultaneously.
In this lab, the multitasking technique that is used by professional scientists will be used. Please read the procedures carefully when jumping between different experimental procedures.
Follow the lab report guidelines laid out in the page called Specifications for Dna extraction how to write experiment report Your Lab Reports in the Technical Communication section of this manual. The following discussion points should be addressed in the appropriate section of the lab report:. Remember: Lab notes must be taken.
Experimental details are easily forgotten unless written down, dna extraction how to write experiment report. EG Lab Notes Paper can be downloaded and printed from the EG Website. Use the lab notes to write the Procedure section of the lab report.
At the end of each lab, a TA will scan the lab notes and upload them to the Lab Documents section of the EG Website. One point of extra credit is awarded if the lab notes are attached at the end of the lab report.
Keeping careful notes is an essential component of all scientific practice. Follow the presentation guidelines laid out in the page called EG Lab Presentation Format in the Introduction to Technical Presentations section of this manual. When preparing the presentation, consider the following points:. Navigation menu Toggle navigation EG Lab Manual.
Jump to: navigationsearch. Figure 1: Cell membrane. Figure 2: Cell nucleus. Figure 3: Cell structure. Figure 4: Soap micelle. Figure 5: Phospholipid bilayer. Figure 6: Extracted DNA. Figure 7: Nitrogenous bases of DNA. Figure 9: Agarose gel. Figure Gel electrophoresis.
Figure DNA banding pattern following gel electrophoresis. Laboratory Experiments.
DNA Lab Report Video
, time: 19:44Strawberry DNA Extraction Lab Formal Write Up - blogger.com
dna extraction how to write experiment report DNA Extraction Lab. Introduce your students to DNA using simple produces that are engaging and economical. Teacher preparation for experiment. Report which member was or is responsible for which portion or aspect of the. 2/18, RFLP gel blogger.comerry DNA – Food Science/10() DNA extraction and to avoid violent shaking or mixing that would shear the DNA. The process of isolating DNA requires that it be released from a cell whether it is a plant (which has extra protection with a cell wall), animal, fungi, or bacterium provides a brief guideline of how to write a proper lab report. During the Experiment: 1. Make careful observations throughout the experiment. Remember that this is the last time that you will be able to make observations. All observations must be made using the metric system (if appropriate) and recorded in you lab report. 2
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